SASEV Journal Abstracts

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SASEV Journal Abstracts

The following research results, of which the abstracts are provided here, have been published in the South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture.

The Short-term Influence of a Mediterranean-type Diet and Mild Exercise with and without Red Wine on Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome
D.P. van Velden¹, S. van der Merwe¹, E. Fourie¹, M. Kidd¹, D.M. Blackhurst², M.J. Kotze³ & E.P.G. Mansvelt¹
¹ Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
² Lipidology Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa
³ Genecare Molecular Genetics (Pty) Ltd, Christiaan Barnard Memorial Hospital, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
The metabolic syndrome is a target for the dietary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The effect of adding red wine to the diet has not been fully investigated. This study examined whether a Mediterranean-type diet complemented with red wine and mild exercise had an impact on patients with the metabolic syndrome in the short-term. Twelve patients with the metabolic syndrome consumed a Mediterranean-type diet for four weeks without and with red wine respectively and performed mild exercise. We implemented the diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome, as formulated by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) in 2001. The patients were also screened for multiple genetic markers implicated in cardiovascular disease. Weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference and blood pressure were measured, as well as various biochemical, haematological and inflammatory markers. There was a significant decrease in the body weight (p = 0.04) and an increase in ORAC value (p = 0.035) after the dietary intervention. A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.045) was observed. Red wine had no additional benefits. Although diet reduced weight and blood pressure, the lipoprotein and pro-coagulant profiles of patients with the metabolic syndrome were not affected in this study. These findings may be explained partly by the diverse genetic profile identified among the study participants, as 50% had mutations involved in lipid metabolism that may influence the response to dietary intervention and alcohol consumption.
South African Journal Enology and Viticulture Volume 28 No. 1 2007 44 - 49

Post-treatment of Distillery Wastewater after UASB using Aerobic Techniques
N. Musee¹, M.A. Trerise² & L. Lorenzen¹
¹ Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
² Jeffares & Green (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 38561, Pinelands 7430, South Africa (current address)
The treatment of high-strength wastewater from a distillery using grape-based feedstock was conducted through sequencing the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and the aerobically-activated sludge reactors. The performance of the UASB system was evaluated at the end of a period of 33 days in terms of the final chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Final COD removal efficiency of up to 88.7% was achieved. The effect of varying the volumetric loading rates on COD removal was evaluated for the two experimental runs. For run I (undiluted), the volumetric loading rates ranged from 4.06 to 18.90 kg COD/m3.day and the maximum COD removal achieved by the reactor was 57.1%. For experimental run II (diluted), the loading rates ranged between 3.60 to 8.20 kg COD/m3.day, with the reactor achieving 88.7% COD removal. Post-treatment of the effluent using the aerobically-activated sludge reactor further improved the overall COD removal in run II to 96.5% and also reduced the phosphorous in the effluent to a final value of approximately 20 mg/L. These experimental results indicate that sequential treatment of the distillery wastewater using UASB followed by aerobically-activated sludge treatment is an efficient system that makes the final effluent compliant with the requirements of environmental legislation.
South African Journal Enology and Viticulture Volume 28 No. 1 2007 50 - 55

PCR-based DGGE Identification of Bacteria Present in Pasteurised South African Fruit Juices
W. Duvenage¹, P.A. Gouws² & R.C. Witthuhn¹
¹ Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
² Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
The contamination of pasteurised fruit juice products by thermophilic acidophilic bacteria (TAB) has become a concern for producers. The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria present in South African fruit juices before and after pasteurisation, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris was found to be present in apple, pear, white grape and aloe vera juice. White grape juice was found to contain Alicyclobacillus pomorum, while two uncultured bacteria in the orange, apple, mango and pear juices were presumptively identified as members of the genus Bacillus, and one uncultured bacteria was identified as being closely related to Alcaligenes faecalis. The results emphasise the need for rapid and accurate detection of TAB in food products.
South African Journal Enology and Viticulture Volume 28 No. 1 2007 56 - 60

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